Geometric representation of the principles of nonorthogonal state discrimination.

Experimental investigation of wave-particle duality relations

A groundbreaking experimental study validates both the previously tested quadratic (D2 + V2 ≤ 1) and theoretically predicted linear forms of wave-particle duality relations through asymmetric beam interference and photon polarization measurements, revealing that the quadratic form yields more path information and advancing our understanding of these fundamental quantum principles.