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Next step towards navigation tools of the future

Last week, University of Birmingham physicists and engineers from UK Quantum Technology Hub Sensors and Timing departed the UK on ship alongside Dstl scientists to continue the next phase of quantum experiments that could pave […]

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Delta g raises £1.5m to build gravity gradiometry platform

A new University of Birmingham spinout, Delta g, has raised £1.5 million in its pre-seed investment round to fast-track the commercial availability of its ground-breaking quantum technology gravity sensors for mapping the underground space. The […]

The nodes of this network were housed in two labs at the Campus Technik to the west of Innsbruck, Austria.

Entangled atoms cross quantum network from one lab to another

Trapped ions have previously only been entangled in one and the same laboratory. Now, teams have entangled two ions over a distance of 230 meters. The nodes of this network were housed in two labs at the Campus Technik to the west of Innsbruck, Austria. The experiment shows that trapped ions are a promising platform for future quantum networks that span cities and eventually continents.

Part of the team behind the invention. From left: Peter Lodahl, Anders Sørensen, Vasiliki Angelopoulou, Ying Wang, Alexey Tiranov, Cornelis van Diepen. Photo: Ola J. Joensen.

Quantum physicists make major nanoscopic advance

In a new breakthrough, researchers have solved a problem that has caused quantum researchers headaches for years. The researchers can now control two quantum light sources rather than one. Trivial as it may seem to those uninitiated in quantum, this colossal breakthrough allows researchers to create a phenomenon known as quantum mechanical entanglement. This in turn, opens new doors for companies and others to exploit the technology commercially.

Figure 1. Left: Experimental measurement of colloidal particles driven in a thin microfluidic channel. The particles form stable, hydrodynamically coupled pairs moving at the same velocity (arrows). These pairs are the fundamental quasiparticles of the system. Right: Simulation of a hydrodynamic crystal, showing a quasiparticle pair (leftmost yellow and orange particles) propagating in a hydrodynamic crystal, leaving behind a supersonic Mach cone of excited quasiparticles. Colors denote the magnitude of the pair excitation, and the white background denotes their velocity (see movie).

Scientists observe ‘quasiparticles’ in classical systems

Quasiparticles — long-lived particle-like excitations — are a cornerstone of quantum physics, with famous examples such as Cooper pairs in superconductivity and, recently, Dirac quasiparticles in graphene. Now, researchers have discovered quasiparticles in a classical system at room temperature: a two-dimensional crystal of particles driven by viscous flow in a microfluidic channel. Coupled by hydrodynamic forces, the particles form stable pairs — a first example of classical quasiparticles, revealing deep links between quantum and classical dissipative systems.

The Carnot cycle is a general model of energy production that can be applied to any thermal energy source. Devised by the pioneering French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824, when only steam engines were available, it can equally well be applied today to nuclear or solar power plants.

No ‘second law of entanglement’ after all

When two microscopic systems are entangled, their properties are linked to each other irrespective of the physical distance between the two. Manipulating this uniquely quantum phenomenon is what allows for quantum cryptography, communication, and computation. While parallels have been drawn between quantum entanglement and the classical physics of heat, new research demonstrates the limits of this comparison. Entanglement is even richer than we have given it credit for.

Superconducting circuit (white) on a silicon substrate fixed in a copper holder. The chip (silver) with the micromechanical oscillator is attached to the silicon substrate.

Blast chiller for the quantum world

The quantum nature of objects visible to the naked eye is currently a much-discussed research question. A team has now demonstrated a new method in the laboratory that could make the quantum properties of macroscopic objects more accessible than before. With the method, the researchers were able to increase the efficiency of an established cooling method by an order of a magnitude.

The thermodynamics of quantum computing

The thermodynamics of quantum computing

Heat and computers do not mix well. If computers overheat, they do not work well or may even crash. But what about the quantum computers of the future? These high-performance devices are even more sensitive to heat. This is because their basic computational units — quantum bits or “qubits” — are based on highly-sensitive units, some of them individual atoms, and heat can be a crucial interference factor.

Chaos gives the quantum world a temperature

Chaos gives the quantum world a temperature

Two seemingly different areas of physics are related in subtle ways: Quantum theory and thermodynamics. How can the laws of thermodynamics arise from the laws of quantum physics? This question has now been pursued with computer simulations, which showed that chaos plays a crucial role: Only where chaos prevails do the well-known rules of thermodynamics follow from quantum physics.

In Borromean rings, each circle holds the pattern together by passing through the other two circles. Image: Alexandr Kakinen.

A peculiar protected structure links Viking knots with quantum vortices

Scientists have shown how three vortices can be linked in a way that prevents them from being dismantled. The structure of the links resembles a pattern used by Vikings and other ancient cultures, although this study focused on vortices in a special form of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. The findings have implications for quantum computing, particle physics and other fields.

Artistic representation of a curved space using the example of the Heidelberg experiment. Curving the spacetime of the universe requires huge masses or energies. For the effective spacetime generated by a Bose-Einstein condensate, however, the research team only manipulated the density distribution of the condensate. In addition, expansion was simulated by adjusting the interaction between the atoms. | © Celia Viermann

Curved spacetime in the lab

In a laboratory experiment, researchers have succeeded in realizing an effective spacetime that can be manipulated. In their research on ultracold quantum gases, they were able to simulate an entire family of curved universes to investigate different cosmological scenarios and compare them with the predictions of a quantum field theoretical model.

Cryostat used to achieve temperatures down to 20 millikelvin. Source: HZDR/Jürgen Jeibmann

An exotic interplay of electrons

Water that simply will not freeze, no matter how cold it gets — a research group has discovered a quantum state that could be described in this way. Experts have managed to cool a special material to near absolute zero temperature. They found that a central property of atoms — their alignment — did not ‘freeze’, as usual, but remained in a ‘liquid’ state. The new quantum material could serve as a model system to develop novel, highly sensitive quantum sensors.

The basic idea is to achieve quantum control through the application of the AI agent (left). For instance, to cool the quantum ball (red) down to the bottom of the well in presence of environmental noises, the AI controller, which is based on reinforcement learning, would identify intelligent control pulses (middle polar graph).

Pulses driven by artificial intelligence tame quantum systems

It’s easy to control the trajectory of a basketball: all we have to do is apply mechanical force coupled with human skill. But controlling the movement of quantum systems such as atoms and electrons is much more challenging, as these minuscule scraps of matter often fall prey to perturbations that knock them off their path in unpredictable ways. Movement within the system degrades — a process called damping — and noise from environmental effects such as temperature also disturbs its trajectory.

Results of geometry optimizations for H2 molecule. Geometry optimizations with various initial values of the H–H interatomic distance revealed that the calculation quickly converges to the equilibrium bond length within 10 iterations, no matter which interatomic distance is used to start the calculation.

Quantum algorithm of the direct calculation of energy derivatives developed for molecular geometry optimization

Researchers have successfully extended the quantum phase difference estimation algorithm, a general quantum algorithm for the direct calculations of energy gaps, to enable the direct calculation of energy differences between two different molecular geometries. This allows for the computation, based on the finite difference method, of energy derivatives with respect to nuclear coordinates in a single calculation.

Quantum algorithms save time in the calculation of electron dynamics

Quantum Algorithms Break Ground in Molecular Computation

Quantum computers promise significantly shorter computing times for complex problems. But there are still only a few quantum computers worldwide with a limited number of so-called qubits. However, quantum computer algorithms can already run on conventional servers that simulate a quantum computer. A team has succeeded in calculating the electron orbitals and their dynamic development using an example of a small molecule after a laser pulse excitation.